Tóm tắt
Đặt vấn đề: Phẫu thuật nội soi là lựa chọn tối ưu trong điều trị ung thư trực tràng. Nhiều nghiên cứu gần đây ghi nhận hóa – xạ trị trước mổ cho kết quả tốt về giảm kích thước, mức độ xâm lấn của khối u, giúp thuận lợi trong phẫu thuật.
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá kết quả sớm điều trị ung thư trực tràng giữa và thấp, giai đoạn II, III đã hóa – xạ trị bằng phẫu thuật nội soi.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả một loạt 32 trường hợp ung thư trực tràng giữa và thấp, giai đoạn II, III đã hóa – xạ trị bổ trợ được phẫu thuật nội soi tại Khoa Ngoại Tiêu Hóa – Bệnh viện Đà Nẵng từ tháng 11/2021 đến tháng 10/2023.
Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình là 60,5 ± 8,0. Tỷ lệ ung thư trực tràng thấp 28,1%, trực tràng giữa 71,9%. Trước hóa – xạ trị: giai đoạn II: 34,4%, giai đoạn III: 65,6%, sau hóa – xạ trị bổ trợ: giai đoạn I: 25,0%, giai đoạn II: 56,3%, giai đoạn III: 18,7%. Khối u đáp ứng hoàn toàn: 6,3%, không hoàn toàn: 78,1%, không đáp ứng: 15,6%. Phẫu thuật cắt trước thấp: 23 trường hợp, Pull-Through: 4, phẫu thuật Miles: 5. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình 10,4 ± 6,5 ngày. Chưa ghi nhận trường hợp nào tái phát tại chỗ.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi điều trị ung thư trực tràng giữa và thấp, giai đoạn II, III có ưu điểm ít đau, hồi phục sớm sau mổ. Kết hợp hóa – xạ trị trước mổ nhận thấy giảm kích thước, giai đoạn khối u giúp phẫu thuật có tỷ lệ bảo tồn cơ thắt cao (84,4%: 71,9% cắt trước thấp và 12,5% Pull-through).
Từ khóa: Phẫu thuật nội soi, ung thư trực tràng giữa và thấp, hóa-xạ trị trước phẫu thuật.
Outcomes laparoscopic surgery for patients with middle and low rectal cancer staging II-III after neoadjuvant chemoradiation
Le Tuan Anh, Nguyen Hoang, Nguyen Phuoc Bao Hung, Le Vinh Phuc, Ho Quoc Khanh
Da Nang Hospital
Abstract
Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery is considered the optimal treatment for patients with rectal cancer. Numerous recent studies about preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation have showed good results in reducing tumor size, invasion and more favorable in surgery. This study was to evaluate the early outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for stage II, III middle and low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
Patients and methods: we presented a case series of 32 patients with stage II, III of middle and low rectal cancer underwent laparoscopic surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiation at the Department of Digestive Surgery – Da Nang Hospital, from November/2021 to October/2023.
Results: Mean age was 60,5 ± 8 years, low rectal cancer was 28.1%, middle rectal cancer was 71.9%. Before neoadjuvant chemoradiation, stage II was 34.4%, stage III was 65.6%, after neoadjuvant chemoradiation, stage I was 25.0%, stage II was 56.3%, stage III was 18.7% respectively. Oncolology response completetly was 6.3%, incompleted response was 78.1%, no response was 15.6%. Laparoscopic low anterior resection for 23 patients, Pull-through for 4 patients, Miles procedure for 5 patients. Mean hospital stay was 10,4 ± 6,5 days. The local recurrence was not observed in this series.
Conclusions: Advatages of laparoscopic surgery for stage II, III of middle and low rectal cancer were less postoperative pain, faster recovery. Combined neoadjuvant chemoradiation has reduced tumor size as well as downstage in order to preserving sphincter in high rate, accounted for 84.4% (71.9% low anterior resection and 12.5% Pull-through).
Keywords: laparoscopic surgery, middle and low rectal cancer, preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
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